Hauv 2021, kev muag khoom EV thoob ntiaj teb yuav suav txog 9% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg caij tsheb muag.
Txhawm rau txhawb tus lej ntawd, ntxiv rau kev nqis peev ntau hauv kev ua lag luam tshiab kom nrawm rau kev txhim kho, tsim khoom thiab txhawb nqa hluav taws xob, automakers thiab cov neeg muag khoom kuj tseem rack lawv lub hlwb los npaj rau tiam tom ntej ntawm cov khoom siv tsheb.
Piv txwv suav nrog cov roj teeb hauv lub xeev, axial-flow motors, thiab 800-volt hluav taws xob tshuab uas cog lus tias yuav txiav cov sij hawm them nqi ib nrab, txo cov roj teeb loj thiab nqi, thiab txhim kho kev tsav tsheb.
Txog tam sim no, tsuas yog ob peb lub tsheb tshiab tau siv 800-volt system es tsis txhob siv 400.
Cov qauv nrog 800-volt systems twb nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yog: Porsche Taycan, Audi E-tron GT, Hyundai Ioniq 5 thiab Kia EV6. Lub Lucid Air limousine siv 900-volt architecture, txawm hais tias cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam ntseeg tias nws yog technically 800-volt system.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm EV cov khoom lag luam, 800-volt roj teeb architecture yuav yog cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 2020s, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntau thiab ntau dua 800-volt architecture tag nrho cov hluav taws xob platforms tshwm sim, xws li Hyundai's E-GMP thiab PPE ntawm ua Volkswagen Group.
Hyundai Motor's E-GMP modular electric platform yog muab los ntawm Vitesco Technologies, lub tuam txhab powertrain spun tawm ntawm Continental AG, muab 800-volt inverters; Volkswagen Group PPE yog 800-volt roj teeb architecture ua ke tsim los ntawm Audi thiab Porsche. Modular electric tsheb platform.
"Los ntawm 2025, cov qauv nrog 800-volt systems yuav dhau los ua ntau dua," said Dirk Kesselgruber, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm GKN's electric drivetrain division, lub tuam txhab kev tsim kho tshuab. GKN kuj yog ib qho ntawm ntau tus Tier 1 cov neeg siv khoom siv thev naus laus zis, muab cov khoom siv xws li 800-volt hluav taws xob qag, nrog rau qhov muag rau ntau lawm hauv 2025.
Nws hais rau Automotive News Europe, "Peb xav tias 800-volt system yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Hyundai kuj tau ua pov thawj tias nws tuaj yeem sib tw sib npaug ntawm tus nqi."
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Hyundai IQNIQ 5 pib ntawm $ 43,650, uas yog ntau tshaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm tus nqi ntawm $ 60,054 rau lub tsheb fais fab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2022, thiab tuaj yeem txais tau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntau dua.
"800 volts yog cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsheb fais fab," Alexander Reich, tus thawj coj ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tshiab ntawm Vitesco, tau hais hauv kev xam phaj.
Ntxiv rau kev muab 800-volt inverters rau Hyundai's E-GMP modular hluav taws xob platform, Vitesco tau ruaj ntseg lwm cov ntawv cog lus loj, suav nrog inverters rau North American automaker loj thiab ob lub EVs hauv Suav teb thiab Nyiv. Tus neeg muag khoom muab lub cev muaj zog.
Cov kab hluav taws xob 800-volt ntu tau loj hlob sai dua li qhov xav tau tsuas yog ob peb xyoos dhau los, thiab cov neeg siv khoom tau loj hlob zuj zus, Harry Husted, tus thawj coj thev naus laus zis ntawm Asmeskas cov khoom lag luam tsheb BorgWarner tau hais hauv email. kev txaus siab. Tus neeg muag khoom kuj tau yeej qee qhov kev txiav txim, suav nrog kev tsav tsheb sib xyaw rau cov khoom kim heev hauv Suav teb.
1. Vim li cas 800 volts yog "cov kauj ruam tom ntej"?
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 800-volt system piv rau 400-volt system uas twb muaj lawm?
Ua ntej, lawv tuaj yeem xa tib lub zog ntawm qhov qis tam sim no. Nce lub sij hawm them los ntawm 50% nrog tib lub roj teeb loj.
Yog li ntawd, lub roj teeb, cov khoom kim tshaj plaws hauv lub tsheb fais fab, tuaj yeem ua kom me me, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum txo qhov hnyav tag nrho.
Otmar Scharrer, tus lwm thawj coj loj ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm ZF, tau hais tias: "Tus nqi ntawm cov tsheb hluav taws xob tseem tsis tau nyob rau tib theem li cov tsheb roj av, thiab lub roj teeb me me yuav yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj roj teeb loj heev nyob rau hauv. tus qauv loj me me zoo li Ioniq 5 tsis ua rau nws tus kheej. "
"Los ntawm ob npaug ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab tib lub sijhawm tam sim no, lub tsheb tuaj yeem tau txais ob npaug ntawm lub zog ntau dua," Reich hais. "Yog hais tias lub sij hawm them ceev txaus, lub tsheb fais fab yuav tsis tas yuav siv sij hawm mus nrhiav qhov deb ntawm 1,000 kilometers."
Thib ob, vim tias cov hluav taws xob ntau dua muab tib lub zog nrog tsawg dua tam sim no, cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov xov hlau tseem tuaj yeem ua kom me thiab sib dua, txo qis kev noj cov khoom kim thiab hnyav tooj liab.
Poob zog kuj yuav raug txo raws li, ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua qub thiab txhim kho lub cev muaj zog. Thiab tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas thermal uas yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub roj teeb ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas kub zoo.
Thaum kawg, thaum ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis silicon carbide microchip, 800-volt system tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog hluav taws xob nce mus txog 5 feem pua. Cov nti no poob lub zog me me thaum hloov pauv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev rov tsim dua tshiab.
Vim hais tias cov tshiab silicon carbide chips siv tsawg dua cov ntshiab silicon, tus nqi yuav qis dua thiab ntau cov chips tuaj yeem muab rau kev lag luam tsheb, cov neeg muag khoom tau hais. Vim tias lwm qhov kev lag luam nyiam siv tag nrho-silicon chips, lawv sib tw nrog cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov kab ntau lawm semiconductor.
"Nyob rau hauv xaus, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 800-volt systems yog ib qho tseem ceeb," xaus lus GKN's Kessel Gruber.
2. 800-volt charging chaw nres tsheb network layout
Nov yog lwm lo lus nug: Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw them nqi uas twb muaj lawm yog raws li 400-volt system, puas muaj qhov zoo rau cov tsheb siv 800-volt system?
Cov lus teb tau muab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam yog: yog. Txawm hais tias lub tsheb xav tau 800-volt raws li kev them nqi hluav taws xob.
Hursted tau hais tias "Feem ntau ntawm DC kev them nyiaj ceev ceev uas twb muaj lawm yog rau 400-volt tsheb," Hursted hais. "Yuav kom ua tiav 800-volt ceev them, peb xav tau lub cim tshiab ntawm high-voltage, high-power DC ceev chargers."
Qhov ntawd tsis yog teeb meem rau kev them nyiaj hauv tsev, tab sis txog tam sim no cov kev them nyiaj ceev tshaj plaws rau pej xeem hauv Asmeskas tau txwv. Reich xav tias qhov teeb meem tseem nyuaj dua rau cov chaw them nyiaj loj.
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, txawm li cas los xij, 800-volt system them network tau nce, thiab Ionity muaj tus lej ntawm 800-volt, 350-kilowatt txoj kev loj them cov ntsiab lus thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe.
Ionity EU yog kev koom tes ua lag luam ntau tus neeg tsim khoom lag luam rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob rau cov tsheb fais fab, tsim los ntawm BMW Group, Daimler AG, Ford Motor thiab Volkswagen. Xyoo 2020, Hyundai Motor tau koom ua tus thib tsib tus tswv lag luam loj tshaj plaws.
"Ib lub 800-volt, 350-kilowatt charger txhais tau hais tias 100-kilometer them lub sij hawm ntawm 5-7 feeb," hais tias ZF's Schaller. "Qhov ntawd tsuas yog ib khob kas fes xwb."
"Qhov no yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam kev siv tshuab tiag tiag. Nws kuj tseem yuav pab kev lag luam auto convince ntau tus neeg los tuav lub tsheb hluav taws xob."
Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom tsis ntev los no los ntawm Porsche, nws yuav siv sijhawm li 80 feeb ntxiv 250 mais ntawm ntau yam hauv ib qho chaw 50kW, 400V fais fab mov; 40 feeb yog tias nws yog 100kW; yog tias txias lub ntsaws ntsaws (cov nqi, qhov hnyav thiab qhov nyuaj), uas tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm rau 30 feeb ntxiv.
"Yog li ntawd, hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kom ua tiav kev them nyiaj ceev dua, kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua yog qhov kev zam," tsab ntawv ceeb toom xaus. Porsche ntseeg hais tias nrog 800-volt them voltage, lub sij hawm yuav poob mus rau ib ncig ntawm 15 feeb.
Rechargeing yooj yim thiab ceev li refueling - muaj lub caij nyoog zoo nws yuav tshwm sim.
3. Pioneers nyob rau hauv conservative industries
Yog tias 800-volt thev naus laus zis yog qhov zoo tiag tiag, nws tsim nyog nug vim li cas, tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv hais saum toj no, yuav luag txhua lub tsheb hluav taws xob tseem ua raws li 400-volt systems, txawm tias cov thawj coj ua lag luam Tesla thiab Volkswagen. ?
Schaller thiab lwm tus kws tshaj lij ntaus nqi rau "kev yooj yim" thiab "ua lag luam ua ntej."
Ib lub tsev raug siv 380 volts ntawm peb-theem AC (tus nqi hluav taws xob tiag tiag yog qhov ntau, tsis yog tus nqi ruaj khov), yog li thaum cov neeg tsim khoom pib dov tawm plug-in hybrids thiab cov tsheb hluav taws xob ntshiab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob twb muaj lawm. Thiab thawj nthwv dej ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom tsim los rau plug-in hybrids, uas tau ua raws li 400-volt systems.
Schaller tau hais tias "Thaum txhua tus neeg nyob ntawm 400 volts, nws txhais tau tias yog theem ntawm qhov hluav taws xob uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob txhua qhov chaw," Schaller tau hais. "Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, nws muaj tam sim ntawd. Yog li tib neeg tsis txhob xav ntau dhau. Tam sim ntawd txiav txim siab."
Kessel Gruber credits Porsche ua tus pioneer ntawm 800-volt system vim nws tsom ntau dua rau kev ua tau zoo tshaj qhov ua tau zoo.
Porsche txaus siab rov ntsuam xyuas qhov kev lag luam tau dhau los ntawm yav dhau los. Nws nug nws tus kheej: "Qhov no puas yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws?" "Peb puas tuaj yeem tsim nws los ntawm kos?" Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab.
Cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam tau pom zoo tias nws tsuas yog lub sijhawm ua ntej ntau dua 800-volt EVs ntaus lub khw.
Tsis muaj ntau yam kev sib tw, tab sis cov khoom yuav tsum tau tsim thiab siv tau; tus nqi yuav yog qhov teeb meem, tab sis nrog cov nplai, cov hlwb me thiab cov tooj liab tsawg, tus nqi qis yuav tuaj sai sai.
Volvo, Polestar, Stellantis thiab General Motors tau hais tias yav tom ntej qauv yuav siv cov thev naus laus zis.
Volkswagen Group tab tom npaj yuav nthuav tawm ntau lub tsheb ntawm nws 800-volt PPE platform, suav nrog Macan tshiab thiab chaw nres tsheb wagon raws li A6 Avant E-tron tswvyim tshiab.
Ib tug xov tooj ntawm Tuam Tshoj automakers kuj tau tshaj tawm ib qho kev txav mus rau 800-volt architecture, suav nrog Xpeng Motors, NIO, Li Auto, BYD thiab Geely-muaj Lotus.
"Nrog Taycan thiab E-tron GT, koj muaj lub tsheb nrog kev ua tau zoo hauv chav kawm. Lub Ioniq 5 yog pov thawj tias tsev neeg muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm ua tau," Kessel Gruber xaus lus. "Yog tias ob peb lub tsheb no tuaj yeem ua tau, ces txhua lub tsheb tuaj yeem ua tau."
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-19-2022